Physics Honours (B.Sc.) (81 credits)
Offered by: Physics (Faculty of Science)
Degree: Bachelor of Science
Program credit weight: 81
Program Description
The B.Sc.; Honours in Physics provides a broad view of physics from classical to modern topics as well as a choice of specialized high level courses relevant for contemporary research. The students have the opportunity to participate in research.
This is a demanding program. This program may be completed in 78 or 81 credits.
Degree Requirements — B.Sc.
This program is offered as part of a Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) degree.
To graduate, students must satisfy both their program requirements and their degree requirements.
- The program requirements (i.e., the specific courses that make up this program) are listed under the Course Tab (above).
- The degree requirements—including the mandatory Foundation program, appropriate degree structure, and any additional components—are outlined on the Degree Requirements page.
Students are responsible for ensuring that this program fits within the overall structure of their degree and that all degree requirements are met. Consult the Degree Planning Guide on the SOUSA website for additional guidance.
Note: For information about Fall 2025 and Winter 2026 course offerings, please check back on May 8, 2025. Until then, the "Terms offered" field will appear blank for most courses while the class schedule is being finalized.
Program Prerequisites
Students entering Physics programs from the Freshman program must have successfully completed the courses below or their equivalents. Quebec students must have completed the DEC with appropriate science and mathematics courses.
| Course | Title | Credits |
|---|---|---|
| CHEM 110 | General Chemistry 1. | 4 |
General Chemistry 1. Terms offered: this course is not currently offered. A study of the fundamental principles of atomic structure, radiation and nuclear chemistry, valence theory, coordination chemistry, and the periodic table. | ||
| CHEM 120 | General Chemistry 2. | 4 |
General Chemistry 2. Terms offered: this course is not currently offered. A study of the fundamental principles of physical chemistry. | ||
| MATH 133 | Linear Algebra and Geometry. | 3 |
Linear Algebra and Geometry. Terms offered: Summer 2025 Systems of linear equations, matrices, inverses, determinants; geometric vectors in three dimensions, dot product, cross product, lines and planes; introduction to vector spaces, linear dependence and independence, bases. Linear transformations. Eigenvalues and diagonalization. | ||
| PHYS 131 | Mechanics and Waves. | 4 |
Mechanics and Waves. Terms offered: this course is not currently offered. The basic laws and principles of Newtonian mechanics; oscillations, waves, and wave optics. | ||
| PHYS 142 | Electromagnetism and Optics. | 4 |
Electromagnetism and Optics. Terms offered: this course is not currently offered. The basic laws of electricity and magnetism; geometrical optics. | ||
7-8 credits from:
| Course | Title | Credits |
|---|---|---|
| MATH 140 | Calculus 1. | 3 |
Calculus 1. Terms offered: Summer 2025 Review of functions and graphs. Limits, continuity, derivative. Differentiation of elementary functions. Antidifferentiation. Applications. | ||
| MATH 141 | Calculus 2. | 4 |
Calculus 2. Terms offered: Summer 2025 The definite integral. Techniques of integration. Applications. Introduction to sequences and series. | ||
| MATH 150 | Calculus A. | 4 |
Calculus A. Terms offered: this course is not currently offered. Functions, limits and continuity, differentiation, L'Hospital's rule, applications, Taylor polynomials, parametric curves, functions of several variables. | ||
| MATH 151 | Calculus B. | 4 |
Calculus B. Terms offered: this course is not currently offered. Integration, methods and applications, infinite sequences and series, power series, arc length and curvature, multiple integration. | ||
Note: Either MATH 140 Calculus 1. and MATH 141 Calculus 2. or MATH 150 Calculus A. and MATH 151 Calculus B..
Required Courses (51 credits)
| Course | Title | Credits |
|---|---|---|
| MATH 247 | Honours Applied Linear Algebra. | 3 |
Honours Applied Linear Algebra. Terms offered: this course is not currently offered. Matrix algebra, determinants, systems of linear equations. Abstract vector spaces, inner product spaces, Fourier series. Linear transformations and their matrix representations. Eigenvalues and eigenvectors, diagonalizable and defective matrices, positive definite and semidefinite matrices. Quadratic and Hermitian forms, generalized eigenvalue problems, simultaneous reduction of quadratic forms. Applications. | ||
| MATH 248 | Honours Vector Calculus. | 3 |
Honours Vector Calculus. Terms offered: this course is not currently offered. Partial derivatives and differentiation of functions in several variables; Jacobians; maxima and minima; implicit functions. Scalar and vector fields; orthogonal curvilinear coordinates. Multiple integrals; arc length, volume and surface area. Line and surface integrals; irrotational and solenoidal fields; Green's theorem; the divergence theorem. Stokes' theorem; and applications. | ||
| MATH 249 | Honours Complex Variables. | 3 |
Honours Complex Variables. Terms offered: this course is not currently offered. Functions of a complex variable; Cauchy-Riemann equations; Cauchy's theorem and consequences. Taylor and Laurent expansions. Residue calculus; evaluation of real integrals; integral representation of special functions; the complex inversion integral. Conformal mapping; Schwarz-Christoffel transformation; Poisson's integral formulas; applications. Additional topics if time permits: homotopy of paths and simple connectivity, Riemann sphere, rudiments of analytic continuation. | ||
| MATH 325 | Honours Ordinary Differential Equations. | 3 |
Honours Ordinary Differential Equations. Terms offered: this course is not currently offered. First and second order equations, linear equations, series solutions, Frobenius method, introduction to numerical methods and to linear systems, Laplace transforms, applications. | ||
| MATH 475 | Honours Partial Differential Equations. | 3 |
Honours Partial Differential Equations. Terms offered: this course is not currently offered. First order partial differential equations, geometric theory, classification of second order linear equations, Sturm-Liouville problems, orthogonal functions and Fourier series, eigenfunction expansions, separation of variables for heat, wave and Laplace equations, Green's function methods, uniqueness theorems. | ||
| PHYS 241 | Signal Processing. | 3 |
Signal Processing. Terms offered: this course is not currently offered. Linear circuit elements, resonance, network theorems, diodes, transistors, amplifiers, feedback, integrated circuits. | ||
| PHYS 251 | Honours Classical Mechanics 1. | 3 |
Honours Classical Mechanics 1. Terms offered: this course is not currently offered. Newton's laws, work energy, angular momentum. Harmonic oscillator, forced oscillations. Inertial forces, rotating frames. Central forces, centre of mass, planetary orbits, Kepler's laws. | ||
| PHYS 253 | Thermal Physics. | 3 |
Thermal Physics. Terms offered: this course is not currently offered. Energy, work, heat; first law. Temperature, entropy; second law. Absolute zero; third law. Equilibrium, equations of state, gases, liquids, solids, magnets; phase transitions. | ||
| PHYS 257 | Experimental Methods 1. | 3 |
Experimental Methods 1. Terms offered: this course is not currently offered. Introductory laboratory work and data analysis as related to mechanics, optics and thermodynamics. Introduction to computers as they are employed for laboratory work, for data analysis and for numerical computation. Previous experience with computers is an asset, but is not required. | ||
| PHYS 258 | Experimental Methods 2. | 3 |
Experimental Methods 2. Terms offered: this course is not currently offered. Advanced laboratory work and data analysis as related to mechanics, optics and thermodynamics. Computers will be employed routinely for data analysis and for numerical computation, and, particularly, to facilitate the use of Fourier methods. | ||
| PHYS 260 | Modern Physics and Relativity. | 3 |
Modern Physics and Relativity. Terms offered: this course is not currently offered. History of special relativity; Lorentz transformations: kinematics and dynamics; transformation of electric and magnetic forces; introduction to topics in modern physics. | ||
| PHYS 350 | Honours Electricity and Magnetism. | 3 |
Honours Electricity and Magnetism. Terms offered: this course is not currently offered. Fundamental laws of electric and magnetic fields in both integral and differential form. | ||
| PHYS 351 | Honours Classical Mechanics 2. | 3 |
Honours Classical Mechanics 2. Terms offered: this course is not currently offered. Rigid bodies, angular momentum, gyroscope, moment of inertia, principal axes, Euler's equations. Coupled oscillations and normal modes. Lagrangian mechanics and applications. Hamiltonian mechanics. Topics in advanced analytical mechanics. | ||
| PHYS 352 | Honours Electromagnetic Waves. | 3 |
Honours Electromagnetic Waves. Terms offered: this course is not currently offered. Vector and scalar potentials; plane waves in homogeneous media; refraction and reflection; guided waves; radiation from simple systems; dipole and quadrupole radiation; introduction to fields of moving charges; synchrotron radiation; Bremsstrahlung. | ||
| PHYS 357 | Honours Quantum Physics 1. | 3 |
Honours Quantum Physics 1. Terms offered: this course is not currently offered. Experimental basis for quantum mechanics; wave-packets; uncertainty principle. Hilbert space formalism. Schrodinger equation: eigenvalues and eigenvectors: applications to 1-d problems including the infinite and finite potential wells and the harmonic oscillator. Tunneling. Time independent perturbation theory. | ||
| PHYS 362 | Statistical Mechanics. | 3 |
Statistical Mechanics. Terms offered: this course is not currently offered. Quantum states and ensemble averages. Fermi-Dirac, Bose-Einstein and Boltzmann distribution functions and their applications. | ||
| PHYS 457 | Honours Quantum Physics 2. | 3 |
Honours Quantum Physics 2. Terms offered: this course is not currently offered. Angular momentum and spin operators. Operator methods in quantum mechanics. Coupling of spin and angular momenta. Variational principles and elements of time dependent perturbation theory (the Golden Rule). Solution of the Schrodinger equation in three dimensions. Applications to the hydrogen and helium atoms and to simple problems in atomic and molecular physics. | ||
Complementary Courses (27-30 credits)
0-3 credits from:
| Course | Title | Credits |
|---|---|---|
| MATH 222 | Calculus 3. 1 | 3 |
Calculus 3. Terms offered: Summer 2025 Taylor series, Taylor's theorem in one and several variables. Review of vector geometry. Partial differentiation, directional derivative. Extreme of functions of 2 or 3 variables. Parametric curves and arc length. Polar and spherical coordinates. Multiple integrals. | ||
- 1
Students who did not complete an equivalent of MATH 222 Calculus 3. on entering the program must take this course in the first semester.
3 credits from:
| Course | Title | Credits |
|---|---|---|
| PHYS 359 | Advanced Physics Laboratory 1. | 3 |
Advanced Physics Laboratory 1. Terms offered: this course is not currently offered. Advanced level experiments in physics including quantum effects and some properties of condensed matter physics and modern physics. | ||
| PHYS 469 | Advanced Physics Laboratory 2. | 3 |
Advanced Physics Laboratory 2. Terms offered: this course is not currently offered. Advanced level experiments in physics including quantum effects and some properties of condensed matter physics and modern physics. | ||
6 credits selected from:
Note: If chosen, PHYS 459D1 Research Thesis. and PHYS 459D2 Research Thesis. are taken together.
| Course | Title | Credits |
|---|---|---|
| PHYS 359 | Advanced Physics Laboratory 1. | 3 |
Advanced Physics Laboratory 1. Terms offered: this course is not currently offered. Advanced level experiments in physics including quantum effects and some properties of condensed matter physics and modern physics. | ||
| PHYS 459D1 | Research Thesis. | 3 |
Research Thesis. Terms offered: this course is not currently offered. Supervised research project and thesis. | ||
| PHYS 459D2 | Research Thesis. | 3 |
Research Thesis. Terms offered: this course is not currently offered. See PHYS 459D1 for course description. | ||
| PHYS 469 | Advanced Physics Laboratory 2. | 3 |
Advanced Physics Laboratory 2. Terms offered: this course is not currently offered. Advanced level experiments in physics including quantum effects and some properties of condensed matter physics and modern physics. | ||
| PHYS 479 | Physics Research Project. | 3 |
Physics Research Project. Terms offered: this course is not currently offered. A supervised research project. | ||
Note: Students cannot take both PHYS 359 Advanced Physics Laboratory 1. and PHYS 469 Advanced Physics Laboratory 2. to meet this requirement as one of them was taken to meet the previous requirement above.
18 credits selected from the list below (students may substitute one or more courses with any 3-credit course approved by the Department of Physics):
| Course | Title | Credits |
|---|---|---|
| PHYS 404 | Climate Physics. | 3 |
Climate Physics. Terms offered: this course is not currently offered. This course covers the essentials of climate physics through the lens of one-dimensional, vertical atmospheric models. This includes shortwave and longwave radiative transfer, convection, phase changes, clouds, greenhouse gases, and atmospheric escape. This is an adequate level of detail for understanding Earth's climate, paleoclimate, anthropogenic climate change, or pursing studies of Solar System planets and extrasolar planets. | ||
| PHYS 432 | Physics of Fluids. | 3 |
Physics of Fluids. Terms offered: this course is not currently offered. The physical properties of fluids. The kinematics and dynamics of flow. The effects of viscosity and turbulence. Applications of fluid mechanics in biophysics, geophysics and engineering. | ||
| PHYS 434 | Optics. | 3 |
Optics. Terms offered: this course is not currently offered. Fundamental concepts of optics, including applications and modern developments. Light propagation in media; geometric optics and optical instruments; polarization and coherence properties of light; interference and interferometry; diffraction theory and applications in spectrometry and imaging; Gaussian beams, Fourier optics and photonic band structure. A laboratory component provides hands-on experience in optical setup design, construction and testing of concepts introduced in lectures. | ||
| PHYS 479 | Physics Research Project. | 3 |
Physics Research Project. Terms offered: this course is not currently offered. A supervised research project. | ||
| PHYS 512 | Computational Physics with Applications. | 3 |
Computational Physics with Applications. Terms offered: this course is not currently offered. Computational methods in Physics illustrated with realworld applications. | ||
| PHYS 514 | General Relativity. | 3 |
General Relativity. Terms offered: this course is not currently offered. Transition from special to general relativity. Non-Euclidian geometry. The basic laws of Physics in co-variant form, Einstein's equations. Gravitational waves; neutron stars; black holes; cosmology. | ||
| PHYS 519 | Advanced Biophysics. | 3 |
Advanced Biophysics. Terms offered: this course is not currently offered. An advanced biophysics course, with a special emphasis on stochastic and out of equilibrium physical processes in living matter. | ||
| PHYS 521 | Astrophysics. | 3 |
Astrophysics. Terms offered: this course is not currently offered. An advanced course in modern astrophysics, covering topics such as the basic tools of astronomy (statistics, mathematical methods, computational tools, and instrumentation); stellar astrophysics (properties, structure, atmospheres, binaries/exoplanets); the interstellar medium, star formation, stellar evolution and endpoints (white dwarfs, neutron stars, black holes); and the Milky Way, galaxies, and cosmology. | ||
| PHYS 534 | Nanoscience and Nanotechnology. | 3 |
Nanoscience and Nanotechnology. Terms offered: this course is not currently offered. Topics include scanning probe microscopy, chemical self-assembly, computer modelling, and microfabrication/micromachining. | ||
| PHYS 551 | Quantum Theory. | 3 |
Quantum Theory. Terms offered: this course is not currently offered. General formulation, scattering theory, WKBJ approximation, time-dependent perturbation, theory and applications, angular momentum, relativistic wave equations. | ||
| PHYS 557 | Nuclear Physics. | 3 |
Nuclear Physics. Terms offered: this course is not currently offered. General nuclear properties, nucleon-nucleon interaction and scattering theory, radioactivity, nuclear models, nuclear reactions. | ||
| PHYS 558 | Solid State Physics. | 3 |
Solid State Physics. Terms offered: this course is not currently offered. Properties of crystals; free electron model, band structure; metals, insulators and semi-conductors; phonons; magnetism; selected additional topics in solid-state (e.g. ferroelectrics, elementary transport theory). | ||
| PHYS 559 | Advanced Statistical Mechanics. | 3 |
Advanced Statistical Mechanics. Terms offered: this course is not currently offered. Scattering and structure factors. Review of thermodynamics and statistical mechanics; correlation functions (static); mean field theory; critical phenomena; broken symmetry; fluctuations, roughening. | ||
| PHYS 562 | Electromagnetic Theory. | 3 |
Electromagnetic Theory. Terms offered: this course is not currently offered. Electrostatics, dielectrics, magnetostatics, timevarying fields, relativity, radiating systems, fields of moving charges. | ||
| PHYS 567 | Particle Physics. | 3 |
Particle Physics. Terms offered: this course is not currently offered. Survey of elementary particles; hadrons, leptons and hadrons' constituents (quarks). Invariance principles and conservation laws. Detectors and accelerators. Phenomenology of strong, electromagnetic and weak interactions. | ||